Intermany Routing Protocols Explained
Intermany routing protocols often are referred to as routing protocols. There are two reasons for this:
1) They each have a local inter-network address, and
2) Each can only send packets to a particular router, and not the rest of an inter-network.
IGRP
IGRP is a hybrid protocol originally designed by stationur all the way back in the 1980’s. Like OSPF, it is a distance vector protocol, but now it also contains OSPF’s optional inertialFD and split horizonalFD features. It is also worth noting thatIGRPis capable of spanning a full VPN fabric choke if a router is in the Traffic Shaping group.
agent
In order to useIGRP, one needs agent software. The most commonly used are broker and inspector. The broker is like a mailman that delivers messages to a destination, while the Informer is like a delivery man who takes messages to a destination.
Each agent has a local address in the network, called a gateway, and receives messages from and sends messages to another agent. The local address of the agent is linked to the public address of the LAN network to make it simple for routers to distinguish which agents are located on the local network and which are off-site. The headers of the messages also contain the IP addresses of the destination and originator. The router uses the local address to forward the packet to the appropriate destination through the array of routers.
Splitting Horizon
Splitting horizon is the method in which a router merged its routing information from a path reasonably short (too short to be relevant) to one that was much further away from the initial gateway. routers used this method to forward packets that were too short for the first gateway to forward. The ‘merging’ of the information slowed down the transmission of these packets, but did greatly improve the accuracy of the information.
Internet Protocol version 6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is one of the most important pieces of legislation implemented by the international community to encourage the use of more robust internet communication languages.
To explain IPv4, consider a company that sends its employees emails usingthenetwork. That company can deliver emails to their employees quite efficiently using IPv4. However, when the same company next decides to push out its intranet, it will have to communicate using IPv6. This is easy enough; the company will just change its local address to an IPv6 address.
However, the communication is still using IPv4; there are no problems for IPv4 since addresses are not assigned to devices. IPv6 is assigned a unique public IP address, so communicating becomes possible. IPv4 can still be used; but if you are going to be using IPv6, you must also be running an IPv6 network interface.
duplicate ipv6 address
This is a simple way to get around the problem of multiple network interfaces needing to a single IP address. Multilayer networks now often use a varied set of network routing protocols. These protocols range from BGP to RIP to SPF. Each of these protocols has user-preferuable regions. Elite controllers that offer redundant packets are able to handle even a loss of several hundred megabits, making it practical to use this method.
Dual IP stack implementation
This method relies on the use of two dynamic address groups; one for IPv4 and one for IPv6. Dual IP stack allows users to Strategically reserve a portion of the availableIP address range. When Dual IP stack is implemented, routers will wait for a few hours to finish using the pre-enta stack before considering IPv6 assignments. This is in contrast to IP normalization where a cluster of networks is defined and IP addresses are assigned to individual devices.
There are dual stack implementations including dual stack isakmp (IKE), dual stack isakmp (NETv4), dual stack tunneling (NATv4Tunneling) and dual stack VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks). This method allows for an IPv4 network to support IPv6 communication.
BGP4
The BGP4 (Border Gateway Protocol Version 4) is an IPv4 transport protocol for integrates the IPv4 and IPv6 networks. BGP is usually implemented by the ISP to enable the external connection of external routers and LANs to the enterprise network. The integration of BGP with IPv4 allows important packet routing functions to be conducted between the IP protocols.
paed
The paed blob is a type of routing protocol originated in 1990 by de facto IEEE standards committee. It was intended to operate in super-networks. The definition basically states that each router in a supernet has its own source address, destination address, both local and global addresses where ever it is needed. The only function of paed is to provide a way to summarize routing information for efficient routing.